Departamento de Ciencias Básicas
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11191/6
Browse
2 results
Search Results
- Atmospheric Estrogenic Semi-Volatile Compounds and PAH in PM₂.₅ in Mexico City(MDPI, 2025-02-05) Ronderos, Gustavo; Millán Vázquez, Fernando; Murillo Tovar, Mario; Saldarriaga Noreña, Hugo; Valle-Hernández, Brenda L; López-Velázquez, Khirbet; Mugica-Alvarez, VioletaThe quantification of semi-volatile organic compounds with potential endocrinedisrupting activity contained in fine atmospheric particles (PM₂.₅) is essential to understand their temporal behavior, identify their sources, and evaluate the health risks resulting from population exposure to said compounds. Since information and research outcomes regarding their presence in the atmosphere in developing countries are scarce, the main objective of this work was the development of a methodology devoted to extracting, characterizing, and quantifying, for the first time in Mexico, the concentration levels of three important groups of endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) bonded to PM₂.₅ and collected during a year, namely: alkylphenols (4-n-nonylphenol (4NP) and 4-tert-octylphenol (4tOP)); bisphenols (bisphenol A (BPA) and bisphenol F (BPF)); natural and synthetic hormones (17β-estradiol (E₂), estriol (E₃) and 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE₂)). Further, priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) that also disrupt endocrine activity were analyzed. All compounds were determined by gas chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry, and the concentration levels were analyzed for different climatic seasons. Cold-dry (CD) season displayed higher levels of 4NP, bisphenols, and hormones (between 0.71 (4NP) and 1860 pg m-³ (BPA)), as well as PAH concentrations (9.12 ng m-³). Regarding health effects, concentrations of alkylphenols, bisphenols, and hormones quantified had a value of estradiol equivalent concentration (EEQE2) between 0.07 and 0.17 ng m-³. PAH concentrations did not have carcinogenic and mutagenic risk with BaP(PEQ) < 1 ng m-³. These results can be used by policymakers in the design of strategies for air pollution control.
- Morphological and chemical composition of PM₂.₅ emissions from a concrete factory in Toluca, México(Atena Editora, 2024) SANTIAGO CRUZ, YANET; Sánchez Meza, Juan Carlos; Amaya Chávez, Araceli; Cruz-Núñez, Xochitl; Mugica-Alvarez, VioletaThe concrete industry is known to produce PM₂.₅ emissions in various production stages. This study analyzes PM₂.₅ emissions originating from a readymix concrete factory situated in the Toluca Valley Metropolitan Zone (MZTV) in central Mexico. Samples were collected over different seasons – warm dry, rainy, and cold dry – using a low-volume particle analyzer. The samples were subsequently analyzed to determine, the morphology by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), elemental chemical composition by Energy Dispersion (EDS). The analysis revealed that the concentration of PM₂.₅ emissions exceeded permissible limits, posing significant health risks. The chemical composition of the PM₂.₅ emissions were analyzed, revealing that they mainly comprised O, C, Si, Fe, Ca, Al, K, and Na, which are consistent with Portland cement. The study emphasizes the need for strict environmental controls and tailored management strategies to mitigate the impact of emissions on human health. It also highlights the significant influence of meteorological conditions, which affect particulate dispersion. Finally, in this contribution, the authors aim to better understand the effects of PM₂.₅ emissions originating from the concrete industry providing insight into the need for stringent environmental regulations.