Zaloamati
Permanent URI for this communityhttps://hdl.handle.net/11191/38
Browse
44 results
Search Results
- Diseño multimedia como elemento para motivar al aprendizaje de la historia en los museos. Caso de estudio: Museo Nacional de las Intervenciones(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2006-07) Ramírez Ramírez, RodrigoHoy en día se vive una era de gran desarrollo tecnológico que ha influenciado todos los órdenes de nuestra vida. Resulta difícil pensar en alguna actividad que no haya recibido impulso por parte de aplicaciones tecnológicas o haya visto modificada su forma de realizarse, cuando no modificado su propio concepto. Cuando se habla de entornos educativos, o simplemente de ambientes que posibiliten la exposición, comprensión o aprendizaje de algún tema, resulta todavía menos probable encontrar alguno que no haya recibido influencia de la tecnología. Particularmente los museos han visto la necesidad de cambiar la forma en que integran su oferta cultural hacia su público visitante. En no pocas ocasiones la introducción de la tecnología ha producido una re-definición de la institución, y como consecuencia una revolución del discurso ofrecido a sus usuarios. La presencia de aplicaciones tecnológicas en la vida cotidiana se ha hecho tan generalizada, que hoy día parece natural intentar solucionar todo problema con ayuda de la tecnología. Sin embargo, debe cuidarse que el empleo de los nuevos medios tecnológicos sea resultado de la detección y justificación de una verdadera necesidad de uso. En este punto, el diseño es un elemento muy importante para posibilitar la inclusión de tecnología en un museo, pues se encarga de asistir a la Museografía en la elaboración del discurso hacia los visitantes. El objetivo de esta investigación es diseñar una aplicación multimedia enfocada a motivar el aprendizaje de la Historia en un museo, para apoyar un recorrido presencial (esto es, físico, no virtual). Se presenta un caso de estudio, el Museo Nacional de las Intervenciones, y particularmente el recorrido de los espacios del antiguo convento de Churubusco. La aplicación multimedia se produce hasta un nivel de prototipo. Se ofrece al lector una propuesta de proceso de diseño específicamente elaborado para facilitar el desarrollo, paso a paso, de aplicaciones multimedia para museos. Adicionalmente se presenta un método de producción encaminado a lograr la obtención del prototipo de la aplicación diseñada, detallando de igual manera, cada una de las fases necesarias para lograrlo.
- Contribución al estudio del comportamiento térmico del vidrio plano utilizado en México como envolvente en edificaciones(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2001-01) Barrios Rodríguez, María del PilarAnte la necesidad de reducir el consumo de energía a nivel mundial, principalmente por el grave deterioro ambiental, las edificaciones tienen una responsabilidad importante, al ser demandante de energía y altamente contaminante por procesos termodinámicos ineficientes, por lo cual es necesario. Un diseño térmico de la envolvente arquitectónica requiere de valores preciosos de las propiedades físicas (ópticas y térmica) de los materiales que la constituyen en general y de los vidrios en particular, debido a la alta transferencia de calor que a través de ellas se realiza y repercute en ganancias y/o perdidas de calor a o de la edificación. La necesidad de valores de las propiedades para cálculo térmico se cubre generalmente por consulta bibliográficas, y en este trabajo se realizó en más de 50 obras, encontrándose en existe dificultad para utilizar los valores reportados, debido a que para algunas propiedades están en diferente unidades; los valores presentan rangos de dispersión hasta el 200% ; se encuentran incompleta la serie de propiedades que se requiere ; así como el que genera confusión, al nombrarse a una misma propiedad de diferentes términos, fundamentando esta realidad la hipótesis de trabajo.
- Sistemas lumínicos de alta eficiencia energética para el aprovechamiento de la iluminación natural(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2009-07-06) Moyo Martínez, Rocío ElenaThe use of natural illumination has an important impact in the energy use. Most of the buildings consume more than 50% of the energy produced, which provokes pollution. This investigation builds with the analysis and evaluation of the performance of high efficiency luminous systems to reduce the energy construction while proved in comfort from the occupants. The first stage of this investigation consisted of detail diagnostics of the case of the current case study building, sport center building throw monitoring under clear cloudy and semi-cloudy sky conditions. The next stage of this investigation included the construction of the tree dimensional physical model, calibrated, relative to the real case study building. This model was used to implement the high luminous efficiencies systems, the design alternatives investigated were light ducts, and the design variables were: geometry, form, internal and external material and distribution. The results show that the best design alternative was de luminous ducts, in 45 cm in diameter with the special distribution of 3meters, with specula film inside, and external height of 90centimetrers about the roof level and with the ceiling silver painted. The use of this design alternative can reduce about 50 percent the use of electricity for lightin g while maintaining the comfort luminous of the occupants, recommended for the international standards. The application of this luminous high efficient system can give important benefits for energy savings and for improved the environment
- Sistemas de control solar para la obtención de confort térmico y ahorro de energía: Caso de estudio, Ciudad de México(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2011-11) Ramos Oropeza, AngélicaEnergy consumption has increased rapidly, particularly after the second half of the 20th century, exacerbated by a more intensive and powerful technology. New global structures around the world habitat demand more and more energy supply. Besides, most of the energy consumed comes from fossil fuels, which provokes a severe environmental damage in the planet, affecting also people ́s health. Regarding buildings, their consumption is more than half of the energy globally available. In Mexico, recent data shows that this year, electricity consumption has grown 9.5%, compared with the previous year (SENER 2011). Therefore, it is essential to reduce energy consumption in buildings. A suitable alternative to this situation is the application of bioclimatic architecture. Its practice can provide also ambient comfort conditions. This work analyzed the problems of the lack of thermal comfort in buildings, proposed and effective solar control and investigated its performance in experimental modules. Results showed that the appropriate design and use of shading devices can effectively reduce energy consumption in buildings whilst providing thermal comfort conditions for the occupants. This research concludes with the presentation of a design guide for the application of the most suitable shading devices in various latitudes.
- Sistema de transporte vertical de luz natural: lumiductos: Solución pasiva para el aprovechamiento de luz natural en espacios profundos o con obstrucciones(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2011-01) Castillero Uribe, María AlejandraThe waste of energy in form of electricity to illuminate spaces inside the buildings is an important technical problem. Having the physical and creative solutions to introduce natural light inside buildings can reduce the electricity consumption. The technical solutions to illuminate and having control over the rays developed through out the history of architecture. Now, we have a whole range of different possibilities and it is important to emphasize that many of these solutions taking advantage of sunlight, have been commercialized and some of them developed and modified. However, only in the last decades researchers have been studying the potential of some design strategies and some specific products. To be aware of the advantages of using natural light as a source of energy and to give a general view of the lightning systems we need to know them. Engineers and physics have developed most of the natural illumination systems. The integration of these technologies to the designers and architects ́ knowledge can provide better energetic controls and solutions. The vertical transport natural light system “Lumiducts” within the illuminating solutions is a very interesting field with few years of studies and its use is still very limited. The “Lumiducts” are based in the principle of transporting light through the interior of a highly reflective surface. The advantage of this system is that it provides dynamic natural light in the interior of buildings and at the same time it saves electric energy using them as total or partial source of light. To evaluate the amount of natural light in the interior of a building we used a “Lumiduct” in a warm climate zone in days with different amount of sunlight.
- Evaluación del desempeño aerodinámico mediante una técnica experimental aplicada a envolventes arquitectonicas(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2013-06) VELASCO SANDOVAL, ALBERTH FABIANA methodology to analyze the behavior of the flow around an architectural construction in a wind tunnel is presented as a fundamental tool in order to control the operational conditions. The initial work was the characterization of the wind tunnel to scale the physical models and was defined as 1:50. The material used in the construction of the scaled models is translucent acrylic of 0.003 meters thick. Materials selection was based on the optical properties of the selected material that facilitates the visualization of the air flow in the test area of the wind tunnel. All models was positioned on a base built in acrylic. The assembly was placed on a glass with a 0.005 meters of thickness; the structure has adjusted to the width of the tunnel to avoid the influence of the internal walls, to construct a plane to facilitate the visualization and moreover the interpretation of the results. The selection of the light source is one of the innovations presented on this thesis. Basically, the plane of light is near 0.0005 meters thick, that defines a region around the control volume in order to study only one plane. The three dimensional nature of the flow around a geometry phenomenon is complex. However, it is possible to study by using the proposed experimental technique and a high speed camera at different operational conditions. One of the objectives in this work is to ensure the reproducibility of the test base on the geometric, kinematic and dynamic similarity criteria. It is possible to consider the as non-intrusive technique; moreover it is possible to study the qualitative nature of the fluid around a building, to propose several bioclimatic designs of architectural geometries and to evaluate the cases within the wind tunnel. The interpretation of the results highlights the advantages of the method over the conventional visualization techniques. It is also consider as a tool that can be used in scaled models.
- Confort respiratorio en zonas de altura(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2012-12) JORDAN URIOSTE, MARIA DEL CARMEN VALENTINAIndoor air quality is associated with the purity of exterior air, which may be contaminated to various degrees depending on the environment and other local factors such as wind or other possible sources of pollution. In cities or settlements at high altitudes, the quality of exterior air is further compounded by the relative lack of oxygen; therefore the air quality in high altitude may not be limited to the degree of pollution of the atmosphere but should relate it to the amount of oxygen therein. Because the atmospheric pressure decreases with altitude increase, the amount of oxygen at high altitude is significantly lower than at sea level and this means that the human body faces a certain degree of metabolic stress in order to maintain its normal functions. Recent studies have shown important physiological differences between i) indigenous populations, that have lived in these conditions for generations, ii) lifelong highland residents (only first generation) and iii) acclimatized newcomers. In all these groups, the organisms are exposed to a similar degree of hypoxygenation (reduced oxygen concentration), and for all these individuals exposure to an indoor atmosphere enriched with oxygen can improve comfort and even prevent diseases that occur as a consequence of living in these habitats. In nature, all oxygen in the atmosphere is constantly being produced through the process of plant photosynthesis and algae are a very important part of the oxygen-generating ecosystem. These organisms are currently being studied for their efficiency in the production of biomass, which can be used as a possible source of renewable energy, nutritional source or medical products. In addition, they are increasingly seen as environmental purification agents because they are able to use the carbon dioxide in the atmosphere and they also can grow and develop in human or industrial waste. Taking into account the fact that at high altitude vegetation is sparse, this project studies the possibility of improving indoor air quality through enriching it by biogenic oxygen production by microalgae. The project also assesses the possible uses of biomass and the potential resulting environmental benefit. To provide perspective and detailed information about the current level of knowledge about this topic, an extensive literature review was performed both on the different aspects relating to the cultivation of microalgae and on defining various aspects describing the comfort and welfare of human beings in high altitude areas. Assuming the percentage of oxygen required for an oxygen enrichment of the air, based on calculations of air renewal, we have determined the amount of oxygen needed to enrich the indoor air of a school in the city of La Paz, Bolivia. From these data and correlating with the information found in the specialized literature, it was calculated the culture volume of microalgae that would be required to produce, through photosynthetic activity, the necessary amount of oxygen to replenish and maintain the increased the enriched environment. Although the resulting volume of photobioreactors is too large to implement it, there is little doubt that the proposed system can help alleviate at least some of the shortcomings that people at high altitude suffer, shortcomings that are likely to escalate with the increase in number and density of these populations. The approach described in this study could also be developed in alternative ways, through the use of the system in an integrated manner, such that a certain level of oxygen enrichment results from the repeated recirculation of air across the microalgae culture. The system described here could also benefit from an increase in the scale of implementation though its use in an industrial environment that produces higher levels of atmospheric pollution. Such industries would benefit from providing the means to absorb the excess carbon dioxide while producing increased levels of oxygen. One potential advantage of an industrial setup is the possibility of constructing and using the large bioreactors required by these processes. One of the highlights of this project is the realization that the microalgae are extremely versatile and their cultivation can offer certain clear benefits to several types of human populations, but especially to those living in high altitude areas as microalgae can not only improve the quality of air and reduce pollution, but can also provide nutritional support and even used as biofuels.
- Factores que afectan el desarrollo de vivienda bioclimática unifamiliar en el México urbano actual y alternativas para fomentarlo(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2014-03) CRUZ RUIZ, ALEXA NATHALIAThis thesis aims to identify the factors that affect the development of bioclimatic housing in urban environments of Mexico and based on this to propose alternative to promote it. The thesis comprises six chapters according to the hypotheses and objectives. The first five chapters cover the research and focus on the different aspects that affect the development of bioclimatic housing, such that: it analyzes the historical context that gave origin to the different housing models and the current situation the country; it considers governmental advocacy media (books, funding programs and regulations); it evaluates the level of bioclimatic knowledge in three cities representing major climates of Mexico (Mexico City, Hermosillo and Villahermosa); it examines curricula and the characteristics of the architecture schools of the country; and discusses the different stages of bioclimatic design. In the sixth and final chapter, the research findings are structured in a comprehensive plan for the development and promotion of Bioclimatic Design applied to Urban Houses in Mexico; in which the problems are identified and objectives, strategies and lines of action are established, in order to promote the development of bioclimatic house in urban Mexico.
- Vegetación y microclima en patio, hacia un modelo de cálculo y control climático, caso de estudio: Monterrey, N.L.(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2005-12) López Bracho, HéctorEn ésta tesis se desarrolla la investigación del comportamiento bioclimático en un patio de acuerdo a la vegetación existente en el mismo. Se plantea el presente trabajo con dos variables: Temperatura y Humedad Relativa, aplicadas al área del patio y cantidad de vegetación presente en él. A partir del establecimiento de estas variables, se define un método de trabajo e investigación y se llegan al planteamiento de un modelo matemático que permite relacionar las variables y arroja datos de conclusión y aplicación. A partir de la revisión de investigaciones equivalentes que analizan la temperatura y la vegetación, se estudió el planteamiento, su contexto y la manera en cada una de aquellas fórmulas relacionan las variables de temperatura, humedad relativa y vegetación. Las investigaciones analizadas interrelacionan vegetación con temperatura y/o humedad relativa generalmente con fines productivos mientas que los fines de ésta investigación son bioclimáticos. Sin embargo, el usarlas como referencia ha permitido establecer analogías con los fines de investigación de este estudio y se ha logrado articular el dictado de fórmulas de cálculo e índices de medición. Los logros de esta investigación son: 1.- Determinar en qué medida la vegetación participa como agente de control de la temperatura y humedad relativa de un patio. 2.- Aportar un modelo regulador de temperatura y humedad relativa en función del área de patio.
- Visualización del viento en megaestructuras, rascacielos, y su importancia bioclimática(Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana (México). Unidad Azcapotzalco. Coordinación de Servicios de Información., 2014-11) MORALES CRUZ, ALEJANDROEl propósito de esta tesis es determinar las tendencias de los rascacielos, mediante la aplicación de una metodología de diseño arquitectónico, que se refleja en un análisis cuantitativo y cualitativo de una serie de edificios de gran altura y del mismo modo se evalúan las mejores tendencias ante el factor viento, uno de los elementos más importantes que define la forma final de esta tipología. Se realizó la experimentación de los elementos en dos etapas; forma física y numérica, con la construcción de maquetas en acrílico, analizados en un túnel de viento de circuito abierto y de forma numérica con la Dinámica de Fluidos Computacional, CFD por sus siglas en inglés, que permitió el análisis experimental de los modelos. Los resultados obtenidos se comparan de forma cualitativa para poder determinar las tendencias de las edificaciones, ante el factor viento. Mediante las técnicas de visualización por hilos de humo, campo de presión, campo de velocidades, se logró hacer la experimentación de los diferentes casos de estudio. El análisis de los rascacielos se hizo de forma aislada y se simplificaron los modelos a formas geométricas básicas, con el fin de tener una metodología de análisis. La metodología implementada nos permite entender la complejidad de las características internas y externas de los rascacielos, para proyectar edificaciones de gran altura mucho más eficientes. Los diversos análisis realizados en esta investigación nos han permitido entender la complejidad del comportamiento del viento, en una de las tipologías arquitectónicas más controversiales de todos los tiempos.