Maracaibo (1970-2020): la ciudad como cúmulo de intervenciones urbanísticas disruptivas inciertas [Presentación]
Fecha
2023-08Autor
MUSTIELES GRANELL, Francisco JoséPetzold Rodríguez, Astrid Helena
Gilarranz Runge, Carmela Candelaria
Metadatos
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La ciudad de Maracaibo (2.2M hab, 2020), durante largo tiempo capital petrolera de Venezuela, e históricamente, una de las cabezas visibles de la producción petrolera mundial durante décadas, ha experimentado un decaimiento brutal como consecuencia de la crisis política y económica venezolana, acentuada en esta última década. Ahora bien, una mirada hacia atrás de la evolución urbanística de la ciudad y, sobre todo, de las prácticas urbanas llevadas a cabo por las instancias gubernamentales en un período de 50 años (1970-2020), pone en relieve la emergencia de proyectos urbanos mayores, disruptivos pero interrumpidos, y algunos semiabandonados hoy día. Esta ponencia hablará críticamente de esas prácticas urbanísticas proyectadas y llevadas a cabo, en una ciudad, relativamente rica, aunque quizás soslayada históricamente por el poder central, lo que permitirá mostrar un número de intervenciones, relativamente importantes, aunque no siempre desarrolladas plenamente. Se trata de proyectos disruptivos, entendidos como intervenciones que perseguían cambiar de manera sustancial y drástica si se quiere, la dinámica urbana de una ciudad relativamente “rica”. En esta ponencia serán mostrados aquellos proyectos ambiciosos de transformación urbana que se han llevado a cabo en Maracaibo en los últimos 50 años de vida urbanística. Al inicio de los años 70, se llevó a cabo el Paseo Ciencias, una fuerte intervención en el centro histórico, de aproximadamente 1km de longitud y de 110m de ancho, buscando unir los dos templos mayores de la ciudad: la Catedral y la Basílica de Nuestra Señora de Chiquinquirá. Prácticamente contemporánea con la anterior intervención, el llamado Boulevard 5 de Julio, perseguía la búsqueda de una peatonalización relativa a lo largo de casi 6km, que conllevó a la transformación de la principal arteria vial de la ciudad; esta intervención se realizó en la que originariamente fue La Otra Ciudad. The city of Maracaibo (2.2M inhabitants, 2020), for a long time the oil capital of Venezuela, and historically, one of the visible heads of world oil production for decades, has experienced a brutal decline as a consequence of the Venezuelan political and economic crisis, accentuated in the last decade. Now, a look back at the urban evolution of the city and, above all, at the urban practices carried out by government agencies in a period of 50 years (1970-2020), highlights the emergence of urban projects. older, disruptive but interrupted, and some semi-abandoned today. This paper will speak critically of those urban practices projected and carried out, in a relatively rich city, although perhaps historically ignored by the central power, which Will allow showing a number of interventions, relatively important, although not always fully developed. These are disruptive projects, understood as interventions that sought to substantially and drastically change, if you will, the urban dynamics of a relatively “rich” city. In this presentation, those ambitious urban transformation projects that have been carried out in Maracaibo in the last 50 years of urban life will be shown. At the beginning of the 70s, the Paseo Ciencias was carried out, a strong intervention in the historic center, approximately 1km long and 110m wide, seeking to unite the two largest temples of the city: the Cathedral and the Basilica of Our Lady of Chiquinquirá. Practically contemporary with the previous intervention, the so-called Boulevard 5 de Julio, pursued the search for a relative pedestrianization along almost 6km, which led to the transformation of the main road artery of the city; This intervention was carried out in what was originally La Otra Ciudad. In the second half of the 1970s, a macro- project, almost 40 km long, called Paseo del Lago, was proposed to convert the lake edge into a public space; of this great project, a first stage of almost 2.7km was built at the end of that decade, although only a 1.5km (65 ha) promenade was enabled for use, and subsequently, the second stage -1.2km remaining (35 ha)-, not put into operation in that decade, was enabled for use in 2013, as was the so-called third stage, barely 100m long (2 ha). In the second half of the 1990s, the Master Bus Transport Network would be implemented, made up of 5 trunk lines and twenty complementary lines, as a structuring system for mobility in the city. At the end of the 1990s and the beginning of the 21st century, the studies and construction of the Maracaibo Metro Network would begin, which included 4 lines, a 6km part of the first line being inaugurated in 2006, and 6 of their seasons. Other subsequent minor projects Will be analyzed in this paper, in which a proposal made by the team of this research will be enunciated, within the framework of the current urban and mobility crisis, and which was presented to the Mayor’s Office of Maracaibo, known as the Red de Líneas de Urbanidad.